Productivity
Productivity is that the ratio of output to inputs in production; it's a mean measure of the efficiency of production. Efficiency of production means production’s capability to make incomes which is measured by the formula real output value minus real input value.
Productivity Improvement Techniques
(A) TECHNOLOGY BASED
1. Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM), and Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS): CAD refers to style of products, processes or systems with the assistance of computers. The impact of CAD on human productivity is critical for the benefits of CAD are:
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Speed of evaluation of other designs,
Minimisation of risk of functioning, and
Error reduction.
CAM is extremely much useful to style and control the manufacturing. It helps to realize the effectiveness in production system by line balancing.
Production Planning and Control
Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP), Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II) and Materials Requirement Planning (MRP)
Automated Inspection.
2. Computer integrated manufacturing: Computer integrated manufacturing is characterised by automatic line balancing, machine loading (scheduling and sequencing), automatic internal control and inspection.
1. Robotics
2. Laser technology
3. Modern maintenance techniques
4. Energy technology
5. Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
(B) EMPLOYEE BASED
1. Financial and non-financial incentives at individual and group level.
2. Employee promotion.
3. Job design, job enlargement, job enrichment and job rotation.
4. Worker participation in decision-making
5. Quality Circles (QC), Small Group Activities (SGA)
6. Personal development.
(C) MATERAL BASED
1. Material planning and control
2. Purchasing, logistics
3. Material storage and retrieval
4. Source selection and procurement of quality material
5. Waste elimination.
(D) PROCESS BASED
1. Methods engineering and work simplification
2. Job design evaluation, job safety
3. Human factors engineering.
(E) PRODUCT BASED
1. Value analysis and value enginering
2. Product diversification
3. Standardisation and simplification
4. Reliability engineering
5. Product mix and promotion.
(F) TASK BASED
1. Management style
2. Communication within the organisation
3. Work culture
4. Motivation
5. Promotion group activity.
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